Rift-related Devonian sedimentation and basin development in South China

During Devonian times South China lay to the north of the Palaeo-Tethyan ocean, the boundary being a passive continental margin. A shallow sea covered the southern parts of the continent while northern areas, forming the Huanan Landmass, were emergent. At the beginning of the Devonian most of South China was above sea level. Subsequent transgression from the south gave rise to an irregular coastline with the development of many fault-controlled gulfs. Further transgression led to the development of an epicontinental sea with reefs forming along the margins of the submerged gulfs and black shales deposited within them. By Emsian time a widespread carbonate platform was established, while anoxic deposition continued in the troughs. The marine transgression peaked in the Frasnian Stage. During Famennian time widespread regression occurred and much of South China became once more emergent. Peneplanation of the Huanan Landmass led to the partial infilling of many of the older fault-bounded depressions. Throughout the Devonian the local distribution of sediments was strongly controlled by NE-SW trending transtensional faults that bounded NW-SE trending normal faults. These structures continued to influence sedimentation in the Late Palaeozoic, the Mesozoic and possibly the Tertiary in the offshore Beibu Gulf Basin.